Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including dogs and humans. It is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, making early prevention and awareness crucial.
Causes of Rabies in Dogs
Rabies is caused by the Rabies virus, a member of the Lyssavirus genus. Key causes include:
Bites from infected animals: Most commonly from other dogs, wild animals like bats, raccoons, foxes, or stray animals.
Virus entering through broken skin: Even minor scratches or wounds can serve as entry points if contaminated with saliva from an infected animal.
Unvaccinated dogs: Dogs that haven’t received the rabies vaccine are highly susceptible.
Symptoms of Rabies in Dogs
Rabies has an incubation period of 2–12 weeks, sometimes longer. Symptoms are often grouped into two forms: furious rabies and dumb (paralytic) rabies.
Furious Rabies
Extreme agitation or aggression
Biting, snapping, or unprovoked attacks
Restlessness and pacing
Excessive vocalization (howling or growling)
Dumb (Paralytic) Rabies
Weakness and paralysis starting in the hind limbs
Drooling, difficulty swallowing
Loss of coordination
Lethargy and depression
Other signs may include fever, dilated pupils, sensitivity to light or sound, and hydrophobia (fear of water).
Treatment for Rabies
Important: Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms appear. There is no effective treatment for symptomatic rabies in dogs. Therefore, the focus is on:
Immediate veterinary consultation if exposure is suspected.
Euthanasia is often recommended to prevent suffering and the risk of transmission.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for humans bitten by potentially rabid dogs is critical.
Prevention of Rabies
Prevention is the only effective way to protect dogs and humans:
1. Vaccination
Annual rabies vaccination is essential for all dogs.
Puppies should receive their first vaccine at 8–12 weeks of age.
2. Avoid Contact with Stray or Wild Animals
Keep dogs on leashes and supervise outdoor activities.
Do not allow dogs to roam freely in areas with wild or unvaccinated animals.
3. Immediate Care After Suspected Exposure
Wash any bite wounds thoroughly with soap and water.
Seek immediate veterinary care for the dog and medical care for humans exposed.
4. Community Awareness
Support local rabies control programs.
Report stray animals showing unusual behavior.
