Meta Description: Learn all about Pneumonia – its causes, symptoms, and effective treatments. Stay informed and protect your health.
What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is a serious lung infection that inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs. These air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia can range from mild to life-threatening, especially in infants, elderly people, and those with weakened immune systems.
Causes of Pneumonia
Pneumonia can be caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi:
- Bacterial Pneumonia:
Most common cause in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Can develop after a cold or flu.
- Viral Pneumonia:
Caused by influenza, RSV, or COVID-19 virus.
Usually less severe than bacterial pneumonia but can become serious.
- Fungal Pneumonia:
Common in people with weakened immune systems.
Caused by fungi like Histoplasma or Cryptococcus.
- Aspiration Pneumonia:
Occurs when food, liquid, or vomit is inhaled into the lungs.
Symptoms of Pneumonia
Symptoms can vary depending on the cause and severity. Common signs include:
Persistent cough with phlegm or pus
Fever and chills
Shortness of breath
Chest pain while breathing or coughing
Fatigue and weakness
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea (sometimes)
Note: In elderly people, confusion or low body temperature may be a sign of pneumonia.
Risk Factors
Age below 2 or above 65
Smoking
Chronic diseases like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease
Weakened immune system
Diagnosis
Doctors may use the following methods to diagnose pneumonia:
Physical examination (listening to lungs with a stethoscope)
Chest X-ray
Blood tests to check for infection
Sputum test to identify the cause
Treatment of Pneumonia
Treatment depends on the cause and severity:
- Bacterial Pneumonia:
Treated with antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, azithromycin).
- Viral Pneumonia:
Usually treated with rest, fluids, and antiviral medications if severe.
- Fungal Pneumonia:
Treated with antifungal medications.
- Supportive Care:
Rest and hydration
Fever reducers like paracetamol
Oxygen therapy in severe cases
Important: Severe pneumonia may require hospitalization. Early treatment improves recovery.
Prevention of Pneumonia
Get vaccinated (pneumococcal and influenza vaccines)
Wash hands regularly
Avoid smoking
Maintain a healthy lifestyle to boost immunity
