Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is one of the most common and serious infectious diseases in cats. It affects the immune system, making cats vulnerable to other infections, anemia, and even cancer. Understanding what FeLV is, how it spreads, its symptoms, and the available treatments can help cat owners protect their pets.
🔹 What is Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)?
FeLV is a retrovirus that weakens a cat’s immune system. Unlike some other viruses, once a cat is infected, FeLV can stay in the body for life. It is not the same as human leukemia and cannot spread to humans or other animals outside of cats.
🔹 Causes: How Do Cats Get FeLV?
Cats usually get infected through close contact with other FeLV-positive cats. The virus is shed in saliva, nasal secretions, urine, feces, and milk. Common ways of transmission include:
Grooming each other
Sharing food and water bowls
Bite wounds from fights
Mother cats passing it to kittens during pregnancy or nursing
🔹 Symptoms of Feline Leukemia Virus
Not all cats show symptoms immediately. Some may remain asymptomatic for months or years. Common signs include:
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Persistent fever
Pale gums (anemia)
Lethargy and weakness
Recurring infections (skin, respiratory, or urinary)
Swollen lymph nodes
Diarrhea and digestive problems
Development of cancers (like lymphoma)
🔹 Diagnosis
Veterinarians use blood tests such as ELISA or IFA tests to detect FeLV. Regular checkups are important if your cat is at risk or shows symptoms.
🔹 Treatment & Management
Unfortunately, there is no complete cure for FeLV. However, supportive care and management can help improve a cat’s quality of life:
Regular vet visits to monitor health
Good nutrition with a balanced diet
Medications to fight secondary infections
Antiviral drugs (sometimes used, though effectiveness varies)
Keeping FeLV-positive cats indoors to prevent spreading the virus and reduce exposure to other infections
🔹 Prevention: How to Protect Cats from FeLV
Vaccination is available and strongly recommended, especially for outdoor cats
Test new cats before introducing them to your household
Keep cats indoors or limit contact with stray cats
Provide a clean, stress-free environment
🔹 Prognosis
Some cats can live several years with FeLV, especially with proper care. Others may develop severe illness within a shorter time. Early detection and supportive treatment are key to extending life expectancy.
🔹 Conclusion
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is a serious condition that can significantly impact a cat’s health and lifespan. Responsible pet care, regular testing, vaccination, and proper management can make a big difference. If you suspect your cat might have FeLV, consult your veterinarian immediately.
