Dental disease, also known as feline periodontal disease or oral disease, is one of the most common health problems in cats. Studies suggest that over 70% of cats develop some form of dental issue by the age of three. If left untreated, dental disease not only causes pain but can also lead to infections, tooth loss, and even affect major organs like the heart and kidneys.
In this article, we will discuss what dental disease in cats is, why it happens, how to recognize the symptoms, and the best treatment options.
What is Dental Disease in Cats?
Dental disease refers to conditions that affect the teeth, gums, and overall oral cavity of a cat. The most common types include:
Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums.
Periodontitis: Advanced gum disease that damages the tissues supporting the teeth.
Tooth resorption: A painful condition where the tooth structure breaks down.
Stomatitis: Severe inflammation of the entire mouth.
Why Do Cats Get Dental Disease?
Several factors contribute to oral problems in cats:
1. Plaque and tartar buildup from food particles and bacteria.
2. Poor oral hygiene (lack of regular brushing or dental care).
3. Diet: Soft or sticky foods that leave residue on teeth.
4. Genetics: Some breeds (Persians, Siamese, Abyssinians) are more prone.
5. Age: Older cats are at higher risk.
6. Other health conditions: Diabetes, kidney disease, or autoimmune disorders can worsen dental issues.
Symptoms of Dental Disease in Cats
Early detection is important. Look for these signs:
Bad breath (halitosis)
Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
Drooling excessively
Difficulty eating or chewing food
Pawing at the mouth or face
Weight loss due to poor appetite
Loose or missing teeth
Yellow or brown tartar buildup on teeth
Swelling around the mouth or jaw
How to Diagnose Dental Problems in Cats
Veterinarians use:
Oral examinations to check gum and teeth health.
Dental X-rays (since many problems occur below the gum line).
Blood tests to rule out underlying health conditions.
Treatment of Dental Disease in Cats
Treatment depends on severity but usually includes:
1. Professional Dental Cleaning
Performed under anesthesia to remove tartar and plaque.
Polishing teeth to prevent future buildup.
2. Tooth Extractions
Severely damaged or infected teeth may need removal.
3. Medications
Antibiotics to fight infection.
Pain relief medications if needed.
4. At-Home Care
Regular tooth brushing with cat-safe toothpaste.
Dental diets and special dental chews.
Oral rinses or water additives recommended by vets.
How to Prevent Dental Disease in Cats
Brush your cat’s teeth regularly (ideally daily).
Provide dental treats or toys to reduce plaque.
Feed a balanced diet designed for oral health.
Schedule regular veterinary dental check-ups.
Final Thoughts
Dental disease in cats is common but preventable. Recognizing early symptoms such as bad breath, swollen gums, or difficulty eating can save your cat from severe pain and long-term health problems. With proper care, dental hygiene, and professional vet treatment, your cat can enjoy a healthy and happy life.
