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Learn about cervicitis – inflammation of the cervix. Explore causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and FAQs for women’s reproductive health.
Introduction
Cervicitis is the medical term for inflammation of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is a common gynecological condition, often caused by infections, allergies, or chemical irritants. While some women may not experience symptoms, untreated cervicitis can lead to complications, including infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
What is Cervicitis?
Cervicitis occurs when the lining of the cervix becomes swollen, red, or irritated. It may be acute (sudden onset, often due to infection) or chronic (long-lasting, sometimes due to repeated irritation).
Causes of Cervicitis
1. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs):
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
2. Non-infectious causes:
Allergic reaction to latex condoms, spermicides, or feminine hygiene products
Irritation from douching or chemical exposure
Hormonal imbalance (low estrogen levels)
Symptoms of Cervicitis
Many women have no symptoms. When present, they may include:
Vaginal discharge (yellow, green, or gray, often foul-smelling)
Pain during sexual intercourse
Vaginal bleeding after sex or between periods
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent or painful urination
If left untreated, cervicitis may spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Diagnosis
A gynecologist may perform:
Pelvic exam – to check for redness, swelling, or discharge.
Pap smear – to detect abnormal cervical cells.
STI testing – for gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, etc.
Cervical swab & culture – to identify the cause of infection.
Treatment of Cervicitis
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
Antibiotics: For bacterial infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea.
Antiviral medication: For herpes-related cervicitis.
Antifungal or antiparasitic drugs: For yeast or trichomonas infections.
Allergy/irritation management: Avoiding chemical irritants or using alternative products.
Partner treatment: Both partners may need treatment to prevent reinfection.
Self-medication should be avoided. Always follow a doctor’s prescription.
Complications
If untreated, cervicitis can lead to:
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Infertility
Chronic pelvic pain
Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
Higher risk of contracting HIV and other STIs
Prevention
Practice safe sex (use condoms, limit partners).
Avoid douching or harsh vaginal products.
Get regular gynecological check-ups and Pap smears.
Treat any STI promptly.
Encourage partner testing and treatment when needed.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Is cervicitis the same as cervical cancer?
Answer: No. Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix, while cervical cancer involves abnormal malignant growth.
2. Can cervicitis go away on its own?
Answer: Mild non-infectious cervicitis may improve without treatment, but infections need medical care.
3. How long does treatment take?
Answer: Most bacterial cervicitis cases improve within 1–2 weeks of proper antibiotic therapy.
4. Can I get pregnant if I have cervicitis?
Answer: Yes, but untreated cervicitis increases the risk of infertility and pregnancy complications.
5. What foods help in recovery?
Answer: A balanced diet rich in vitamin C, zinc, and probiotics can support immunity and healing.
Conclusion
Cervicitis is a common but treatable condition affecting the cervix. Early diagnosis and proper treatment prevent complications like infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. Safe sexual practices, regular gynecological check-ups, and awareness are key to protecting women’s reproductive health.
Dr. Tahmina Akhtar
MBBSDGO (DU)
Infertility Specialist Gynecologist & Obstetrician
18 Years of Experience Overall
BMDC Reg.: Coming Soon
ID: D75HY58
