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Discover everything about Uterine Fibroids – causes, symptoms, types, diagnosis, and effective treatments. Get complete guidance for women’s reproductive health.
Introduction
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths in the uterus. They are common in women of reproductive age and can vary in size from tiny seedlings to large masses. Some women may have fibroids without noticing any symptoms, while others may experience pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, or fertility problems. Early detection and proper management can greatly improve quality of life.
Causes of Uterine Fibroids
The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but the following factors may contribute:
Hormonal Imbalance: High levels of estrogen and progesterone can promote fibroid growth.
Genetics: Family history may increase the risk.
Age: Women aged 30–50 are more likely to develop fibroids.
Obesity: Excess body weight can raise estrogen levels, contributing to fibroid growth.
Other Factors: Early menstruation, vitamin D deficiency, and certain lifestyle habits may also play a role.
Types of Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids are classified based on their location in the uterus:
1. Intramural Fibroids: Grow within the muscular wall of the uterus.
2. Submucosal Fibroids: Develop under the uterine lining and may extend into the uterine cavity.
3. Subserosal Fibroids: Grow on the outer surface of the uterus.
4. Pedunculated Fibroids: Attached to the uterus by a stalk.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
Symptoms vary depending on size, number, and location, but may include:
Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation
Back or leg pain
Pain during sexual intercourse
Infertility or pregnancy complications
Diagnosis of Uterine Fibroids
Doctors can diagnose fibroids using several methods:
Pelvic Exam: Detects irregularities in uterine shape.
Ultrasound: Confirms size and location of fibroids.
MRI: Provides detailed images for complex cases.
Hysteroscopy: Uses a lighted tube to examine the uterine cavity.
Blood Tests: Check for anemia caused by heavy bleeding.
Treatment Options
1. Medications
Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills or hormone-releasing IUDs reduce bleeding and pain.
GnRH Agonists: Temporarily shrink fibroids.
Pain Relievers: NSAIDs help manage discomfort.
2. Minimally Invasive Procedures
Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): Blocks blood supply to fibroids, causing shrinkage.
Myolysis: Destroys fibroids using heat or laser.
Endometrial Ablation: Removes uterine lining to control heavy bleeding.
3. Surgery
Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, suitable for women planning pregnancy.
Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus, recommended for severe or recurrent cases.
Lifestyle and Home Remedies
Maintain a healthy weight and balanced diet
Exercise regularly to manage hormones
Reduce stress with yoga or meditation
Eat iron-rich foods to prevent anemia caused by heavy bleeding
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if you experience:
Excessive menstrual bleeding
Severe pelvic pain
Difficulty urinating or bowel problems
Infertility or repeated pregnancy loss
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Can uterine fibroids become cancerous?
A: No, fibroids are generally non-cancerous. Rarely, a fibroid may turn malignant.
Q2: Do fibroids affect pregnancy?
A: Fibroids can sometimes cause complications such as miscarriage, preterm labor, or difficulty during delivery depending on size and location.
Q3: Can lifestyle changes shrink fibroids?
A: Healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction can help manage symptoms but usually do not eliminate fibroids completely.
Q4: Is hysterectomy the only permanent solution?
A: Hysterectomy removes fibroids permanently but is recommended only when other treatments fail or fertility is not a concern.
Call-to-Action (CTA)
If you notice symptoms of uterine fibroids, don’t wait! Schedule a consultation with your gynecologist and explore treatment options early. Stay informed and take control of your reproductive health today.
Dr. Tahmina Akhtar
MBBSDGO (DU)
Infertility Specialist Gynecologist & Obstetrician
18 Years of Experience Overall
BMDC Reg.: Coming Soon
ID: D75HY58
