Meta Description:
Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medicine used for bacterial and protozoal infections. Learn about its uses, dosage, side effects, precautions, quick reference chart, and FAQs in this complete guide.
What is Metronidazole?
Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal drug from the nitroimidazole group. It is effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa by damaging their DNA, leading to cell death.
Doctors prescribe it for infections in the stomach, intestines, reproductive system, gums, skin, and blood.
Medical Uses of Metronidazole
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial vaginosis
Dental infections (gum abscess, periodontal disease)
Intra-abdominal infections and abscesses
Skin and soft tissue infections
Protozoal Infections
Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)
Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia)
Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
Other Uses
In combination with other drugs for H. pylori (stomach ulcers)
As surgical prophylaxis to prevent infection
Topical cream/gel for rosacea
How Does Metronidazole Work?
Metronidazole enters harmful microorganisms and blocks DNA synthesis. This prevents bacteria and protozoa from multiplying, ultimately killing them.
Dosage Guidelines
Dosage depends on infection type. Always follow a doctor’s advice.
Adults: 400–500 mg orally every 8–12 hours
Children: Weight-based dosage prescribed by doctor
Topical: Apply thin layer on affected skin
Injection: Hospital use for severe cases
Side Effects of Metronidazole
Common Side Effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Metallic taste in mouth
Headache, dizziness
Serious Side Effects
Numbness, tingling, seizures
Severe allergic reaction (rash, breathing difficulty)
Liver problems (yellow skin, dark urine, abdominal pain)
Precautions & Warnings
Avoid alcohol during treatment and for 48 hours after last dose.
Inform doctor if you have liver/kidney problems, epilepsy, or are pregnant.
Can interact with warfarin, lithium, phenytoin, and cimetidine.
Quick Reference Chart
Category Details
Drug Class Antibiotic & Antiprotozoal
Main Action Disrupts microbial DNA
Common Uses Bacterial vaginosis, dental infections, amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, H. pylori, rosacea
Dosage (Adults) 400–500 mg orally every 8–12 hrs
Dosage (Children) Based on weight
Topical Use Gel/cream applied thinly
Injection For severe infections in hospitals
Common Side Effects Nausea, diarrhea, metallic taste
Serious Side Effects Seizures, allergy, liver problems
Precautions No alcohol, inform doctor if pregnant or with liver/kidney issues
Availability Prescription only
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can I take Metronidazole during pregnancy?
Sometimes, yes. Only if your doctor prescribes it.
Can I drink milk or eat dairy while taking Metronidazole?
Yes, dairy is safe. Only alcohol is restricted.
How long does Metronidazole take to work?
Usually 2–3 days to see improvement. But always finish the full course.
Can Metronidazole be combined with other antibiotics?
Yes, often used with amoxicillin or clarithromycin for H. pylori infections.
Is it available without prescription?
No, it is prescription-only medicine.
Infographic Content (For Design)
Title: Metronidazole: Key Facts
Sections: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects (Common + Serious), Precautions, Quick Reminder
Colors: Green & Blue (medical theme)
Icons: Pills, bacteria, stomach, warning signs, doctor advice
Conclusion
Metronidazole is a highly effective medicine against bacterial and protozoal infections. However, it should never be taken without a doctor’s advice. Always complete the full course, avoid alcohol, and follow medical supervision to ensure safe treatment.
